Multicylinder fuel injection pump



Aprili zo, '1948.

MULTICYLIVNDER INJECTION vPUMP Filed nec. 2, 1944 Gttornegs IQJQALTL'EN y 2,439,879-

` eicient engine operation.

Patented Apr. 20, 1948 2,439,879 MULTICYLINDER FUEL INJECTION PUMP Ivis J ames Allen, Ypsilanti, Mich.

' Application December a, 1944, serial No. 566,261

`14 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvementsy in fuel injection pumps for internal combustion engines.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection pump in which the capacity can be varied to increase or decrease the amount.

of the fuel charge supplied to cylinders of the engine under different conditions-of engine operation.

Another object oef the inventionis to provide a multi-cylinder fuel injection pump for supplying metered fuel charges to the various cylindersof the internal combustion engine whereby the volume of the fuel charge supplied to .each cylinder will be uniform. f

Another object of the invention is to provide a multi-cylinder fuel injection. pump for internalcombustion engines in which the capacity of all of the cylinders of said pump may be varied simultaneously by a single control member, so

that the volume of the fuel charge supplied to the engine Cylinders will be uniform to maintain Another object of the invention is to provide a multi-cylinder :fuel pump for internal combustion engines in which the cylinders of said pump are adapted to be the capacity of the pump the intake port thereof to tive to the pump pistons various metered charges of from said pump cylinders engine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a uid pump having a movable cylinder provided with an intake port capable of being shifted between a pair of opposedwall members to vary the capacity of said pump cylinder and regulate the volumetric discharge therefrom.

Other objects and advantages of the invenjtion will becomeapparent during the course of the following description. of the accompanying moved in unison to vary cylinders by shifting various positions relaor plungers whereby fuel will be discharged to the cylinders of the drawings, wherein:

yFigure 1 is a. vertical cross-sectional view of the fuel injection pump embodying the -invention, illustrating the manner cylinders may be moved so as to shift the position of the intake port relative to the pump plunger or piston;

Figure 2 is a top elevational view of the fuel injection pump` showing the control element for adjusting the pump cylinders simultaneously; and

of the fuel injection pump showing the control in which the pump,

Figure 3 is a horizontal cross sectional view` cylindrical casing spider for shifting the cylinders of said pump to vary the discharge therefrom.

In the drawing, the reference character 5 will generally represent a pump housing including a wall S having an end Wall 'l so as to close said pump housing and provide a support for the various parts of the pump mechanism. The opposite end of the cylindrical casing wall 6 is flanged as at 8-for receiving a closure plate-9 for the opposite end of the cylinder and said closure plate is ilanged as at lll to overlie the flange 8 so as to be bolted thereto by machine screws or the like as at il.

Supported `by the end wall l and extending inwardly therefrom is` a series of stationary plunger springs I8. A double-ended threaded nipple i9 is threadedly received ternal combustion engine.'

Slidably mounted upon each of the plunger members i2 is a cylinder 2i having an 'intake port 22 extending radially, and said cylinders 2l slidable shaft 25 which has its lower end reduced l as at 26 and' ltsupper end provided with a series of rack teeth 21 for being engaged by a sectorgear 28 pivoted, to a bearing bracket 29 on one end of a rock shaft 30. The opposite end of the rock shaft is provided with a control arm 3i which is connected to a control rod 32 by means of a suitable clevis 33 so that by reciprocation of said rod 32, the slidable shaft 25 will move in and out of the pump housing 5. Aillxed to the reduced end '26 of the sliding shaft 25 is a cylinder' control member 334 having radially eX- tending arms 34 xfor' being received in annular circle the lower end of the cylinders lThus it will be seen that operation of the control rod 32 will raise and lower the cylinder 2l upon the stationary plunger members l2 so that all of the cylinders 2i will operate in unison and simultaneously.

Mounted in the lower end of the pump housing 6 is an annular tappet guide 38 which is adapted to be held in place by means of a locking plug 31 threaded in a suitable bore 3l in the cylindrical casing wall I so that the tapered end thereof may be received in a tapered opening I! in the annular tappet guide 38. The annular tappet guide 36 is provided-with a series of tappet guide bores 40 for slidably receiving tappet rods 4i which are arranged in opposedrelation relative to the stationary plunger` members i2. Each of the pump cylinders 2l is provided with a pump plunger 42 having a mushroom head 43 at one end thereof for being engaged by the upper end of the tappet plungers 4I whereby reciprocation of said tappet plunger 4l will cause a corresponding movement of the pump plunger 42. The lower ends of the tappet rods 4l are bifurcated as at 44 for receiving tappet rollers 45 which are mounted on roller-supporting pins 46. One ofthe furcations 41 is extended to overlie the peripheral edge of a cam plate 48 which is aihxed to or formed integral with the rotary shaft 49 journaled in a suitable bearing opening 50 in the end plate or cover member S. The bearing opening 50 is enlarged for receiving packing materiali! and a suitable glandnut 52 is threaded in said enlarged opening to compact said packing material and press the same into sealing engagement with the drive shaft 49. The cam plate" is provided with a beveled roller-engaging portion 53 which is interrupted by an axially extending cam lobe having inclined cam surfaces 55. Rotation of the drive shaft 49 willthus reciprocate the-tappet rods 4i in timed sequence so that they will be reciprocated in succession.

Each of the pump plungers 42 is spring-loaded by means of suitable coil springs S which en- 2i so that one of their ends may abut a ange washer 51 carried by the ends of the pump plunger 42 and arranged so as to abut the mushroom head 43 thereof. The upper end of each of the coil springs 56 is arranged in abutting relation with a sleeve 58 which likewise encicles the cylinder 2i and has its upper end in abutting relation with the top wall lof the pump housing '5. The spring supporting sleeves 5l are cut away as at 58 to permit the passage of the spider arms 34 and allow free movement thereof between predetermined A series of perforations 80 are formed in the spring supporting sleeves Il to permit the free passage of the fuel charge from the interior of the pump housing 5 to the chamber formed by the cylinders 2i.

Formed in the cylindrical wall l of the pump housing 5 is a threaded nipple 62 for receiving a threaded coupling thimble attached to the ends of the supply pipe 64 connected to a suitable source of liquid fuel such as oil or the like.

Supported by the closure plate I is a bearing plate 65 having an annular groove 64 for accommodating a series of anti-friction balls il which are adapted to anti-frictionally support the `cam disc 48 by being similarly received in an annular -raceway $8 formed on the underside thereof. In operation, liquid fuel is supplied to the pump housing 5 through the suitable source of liquid so ing will be filled with said liquid that the entire housor liquid fuel,

pipe or conduit $4 from a whereby said liquid fuel will find its way into the pump chamber between the fixed plungers i2 and the reciprocable pump `plungers 42 through the intake ports 22. Suilicient clearance is provided between the spring supporting sleeve 5I and the cylinders 2i to permit the liquid fuel or oil to flow freely therebetween so that the pump chamber will be filled with liquid fuel to be discharged under pressure through the threaded nipples 20 to the respective injection nozzles in the internal combustionengine. Upon rotation of the shaft 49, the plungers 42 will be reciprocated by the cam 54 and tappets 4i successively so as to feed the cylinders of the internal combustion engine in timed relation to the operation of the pistons therein. When it is desired to increase or Adecrease the capacity of the pump chamber within the pump cylinders 2i. the control rod 32 is operated so as to raise or lower the intake port 22 and therebyvary the capacity of said pump chambers and position the ports 22 so that a large or small volume of liquid to be discharged will be trapped between the fixed plungers i2 and the pump plunger 42.

Thus it will be seen that a variable capacity pump is provided for discharging needed quantities of fluid under pressure without necessitating the regulation of the pump plungers or affecting the operation thereof. and that by simply shifting the intake ports 22 of the pump cylinders 2l, the volumetric or volume of liquid trapped in said pump chambers may be increased or decreased. A

It is to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred embodiment of the same and that various changes may be made in the shape, size and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

What I claim is:

1. A pump structure, comprising a housing, a fixed plunger carried by said housing and having a discharge port, 'a cylinder reciprocably and guld- 4 ably mounted on said nxed plunger and having an intake port, a reciprocating plunger mounted in said cylinder in opposed relation to said fixed plunger to form a pump chamber therein, and a control member operatively connected to said cylinder to move said cylinder and intake port t0 various positions of adjustment whereby to vary the volumetric discharge through said discharge port.

2. A pump structure. comprising a housing, a ilxedplunger carried by said housing and having a discharge port, a cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on said fixed plunger and having an intake port, a reciprocating plunger mounted in said cylinder in opposed relation to said fixed plunger to form a pump chamber therein.' and a control member operatively connected to said cylinder to move said cylinder and intake port to various positions of adjustmentwhereby to vary the volumetric discharge through said discharge port. said control member being adapted to shift the position of the intake port relative to the xed plunger to -increase or decrease the volume of fluid trapped in said pump chamber.

3. A pump structure, comprising a housing, a fixed cylinder mounted-in said housing. a fixed plunger carried by said housing within said fixed cylinder in spaced relationship therewith and having a discharge port. a cylinder mounted on said reclprocably and guidably fixed plunger between said nxed plunger and said xed cylinder xed cylinder having relationship therewlt said fixed plunger port,'a reciprocating plunger mounted in said reciprocable cylinder in opposed relation to said iixed plunger to form a pump chamber therein, and a control member operatively connected to said reciprocable cylinder toy move said reciprocable cylinder and intake port to various positions of adjustment wherebyv to vary the volumetric discharge through said discharge port.

4. A 'pump structur and. having an intake e, comprising a housing, a a port therethrough mounted in said housing, a iixed plunger carried by said housing within said fixed cylinder in spaced h and having a discharge port. a cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on said fixed plunger between said xed plunger and said xed cylinder and,{having an intake port, a reciprocating plungerlmountedin said reciprocable cylinder in opposed relation to to form a pump chamber therein, anda control member operatively connected to said reciprocable cylinder to move said reciprocable cylinder and intake port to various positions of adjustment whereby to vary the volumetric discharge through said discharge port, said pump chamber being in communication with the pump housing through said intake port ,and said iixed cylinder port. j

5. A pump structure, comprising a housing, a fixed cylinder having a port therethrough mounted in said housing, a xed plunger 4carried by said housing within said fixed cylinder in spaced relationship therewith and having a discharge port, a cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on said ixed plunger between said xed plunger and said xed cylinder and, having an intake port, a reciprocating plunger mounted in said reciprocable cylinder in opposed relation to said iixed plunger to form a pump chamber therein, said xed cylinder having a longitudinallydisposed aperture therethrough, and a control member operatively connected to said reciprocable cylinder to move said reciprocable cylinder and intake port to various positions of adjustment whereby to vary the volumetric discharge through said discharge port, said pump chamber being in communication with the pump housing through said intake port and said fixed cylinder port.

6. A pump structure, comprising a housingI a iixed plunger carried by said housing and having a discharge port, a cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on said fixed plunger and having an intake port, a reciprocating plunger mounted in said cylinder yin opposed relation to said fixed plunger to form a pump chamber therein, a control member operatively connected to said cylinder tc move said cylinder and intake port to various positions of adjustment whereby to vary the volumetric discharge through said discharge port, and mechanism including a cam rotatable around an axis parallel with the axis of said reciprocating plunger for reciprocating said reciprocating plunger.

7. A multi-cylinder pump, housing forming a liquid c fixed plungers mounted in sa ing discharge ports, a mova cably and guidably mounted plungers, pump plungers reciprocably mounted in each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders being f provided with an intake port in communication with the liquid chamber and adapted to be opened and closed by the pump plungers whereby to control the flow of liquid from said liquid chamber to the pump chamber formed in said cylinder,

comprising a pump hamber, a series of id chamber and havble cylinder reciproon each of said fixed housing formi means for reciprocating said pump plungers in timed sequence, and means for adjusting the positions of said cylinders to cause said intake port to assume various positions whereby the volume of liquid discharged by said pump plunger will be varied. l 4, i

8. A multi-cylinder pump, comprising a pump housing forming a liquid chamber, a series of xed plungers mounted in said chamber and having discharge ports, a movable cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on each of said iixed plungers, pump plungers reciprocably mounted in each of said cylinders, each 'of said cylinders being provided with an intake port in communicaof reciprocation of said ng a lobe for successively plungers, and means for of said cylinder to vcause assume various positions f liquid discharged by said pump plungers and havi operating said vpump yadjusting the position said intake port to `whereby the volume o pump plunger'will be varied.

9. A multi-cylinder pump, comprising a pump housing forming a liquid chamber, a series of iixed plungers mounted 'in said chamber and having discharge ports. a movable cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on each of said fixed plungers, pump plungers reciprocably mounted in each of said cylinders, each of said means including a mo its arms operativelyy vable control spider having connected to said cylinders.

10. A multi-cylinder pump, comprising a pump housing forming a liquid chamber, a series of xed plunger members arranged in said housing in a substantially circular path in clrcumferentially spaced apart relation, valved discharge ports extending longitudinally through said fixed plungers, a pump cylinder reciprocablyand guidably mounted on each of saidiixed plungers, a reciprocating pump plunger mounted in the opposite end of each of said cylinders in opposition to said iixed plungers to form a pump chamber therebetween, a rotary. shaft mounted in saidhousing, la cam secured to said shaft to rotate therewith, mechanism operatively interconnecting said cam and said pump plungers and arranged in said housing for transmitting reciprocating motion from said cam to said pump plungers, said pump `cylinders being provided with intake ports in the side walls `thereof in communicationk with said liquid chamber, and a control device for shifting said pump cylinders whereby to Vary the volume of liquid trapped'in said pump chamber by said pump plungers.

11. A multi-cylinder pump, comprising a pump ng a liquid chamber, a series of fixed plunger members arranged in said housing in a substantially circular path in circumferentially spaced apart relation, valved discharge ports extending longitudinally through said fixed plungers. a pump cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on each of said fixed plungers, a

plunger mounted in the opposite end of each of said cylinders in opposition to said fixed plungers to form a pump chamber therebetween, a rotary shaft mounted in said housing, a cam disc secured to said shaft to rotate therewith, a vseries of cam tappets arranged in said housing for transmitting reciprocating motion from said cam disc to said pump plungers, said pump cylinders being provided with intake ports in the side walls thereof in communication with said liquid chamber, and a control device for shifting said pump cylinders whereby to vary the volume of liquid trapped in said pump chamber by said pump plungers, said control member being operable from a pump housing.

12. A multi-cylinder pump. comprising a pump reciprocating pump housing forming a liquid chamber. a series of fixed plunger members arranged in said housing in a substantially circular path in circumferentially spaced apart relation, valved discharge ports extending longitudinally through said fixed plungers, a pump cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on each of said fixed plungers, a

reciprocating pump plunger mounted in the opposite end of each of said cylinders in opposition to said ilxed plungers to form a pump chamber therebetween, a rotary shaft mounted in said housing, a cam secured to saidv shaft to rotate therewith, mechanism operatively interconnecting said cam and said pump plungers and arranged in said housing for transmitting reciprocating motion from said cam to said pump plungers, said pump cylinders being provided with intake ports in the side walls thereof in communication with said liquid chamber, and a control device i'or shifting said pump cylinders whereby to vary the volume of liquid trapped in said pump chamber by said pump plungers, said control member including a spider having arms operatively connected to each pump cylinder.

13. A multi-cylinder. pump, comprising a pump housing forming a liquid chamber, a series of fixed plunger members arranged in said housing in a substantially circular path in circumferentially spaced apart relation, valved discharge ports extending. longitudinally through said fixed plungers, a pump cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on each of said fixed plungers; a reciprocating pump plunger mounted in the opposite end of each of said cylinders in opposition to said xed plungers to form a pump chamber therebetween,

- a rotary shaft mounted in said housing, a cam secured to saidshaft to rotate therewith, a series of cam tappets arranged in said housing for transpoint externally of said mitting reciprocating motion from said cam to said pump plungers, said pump cylinders being provided with intake ports in the side walls thereof in communication with said liquid chamber. a reciprocable control shaft mounted in said housing and having rack teeth thereon, a spider mounted on said control shaft having its arms operatively connected to said cylinders, a sector gear pivotally supported on the upper end of said housing having gear teeth adapted to engage said rack teeth on. said shaft, and control linkage connected to said sector gear and operable from a remote location whereby said cylinders may be adjusted in unison on said fixed plungers so that the intake ports therein will be shifted to a predetermined position oi adjustment and vary the amount of fluid discharge from said pump chamber.

14. A multi-cylinder pump. comprising a pump housing forming a liquid chamber, a series of fixed plunger members arranged in said housing in a substantially circular path in circumferentially spaced apart relation, valved discharge ports extending longitudinally through said fixed plungers, a pump cylinder reciprocably and guidably mounted on each of said fixed plungers, a reciprocating pump plunger mounted in the opposite end of each of said cylinders-in opposition to said ilxed plungers to form a pump chamber therebetween, a rotary shaft mounted in said housing, with its axis of rotation parallel with the axes of said pump plungers a cam secured to said shaft to rotate therewith, said cam having a plunger-operating lobe extending transversely therefrom in an axial direction, mechanism operatively interconnecting said ca'm and said pump plungers and arranged in said housing for transmitting reciprocating motion from said cam to said pump plungers, said pump cylinders being provided with intake ports in the side walls thereof in communication with said liquid chamber, and a control device for shifting saidpump cylinders whereby to vary the volume of liquid trapped in said pump chamber by said pump plungers.

IVIS JAMES ALLEN.

'REFERENCES CITED lThe following references are of record in the file of this patent;

UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,381,585 Gambrili Aug. '7, 1945 

